What specifically happens in each stage of the cell cycle?
The cell cycle is divided into several stages, each of which plays a unique role in the growth, development, and division of a cell. Here is a brief overview of what happens in each stage of the cell cycle:
1. Interphase: This stage is divided into three subphases - G1 (Gap 1), S (Synthesis), and G2 (Gap 2). During G1, the cell grows and carries out its normal functions. In the S phase, the cell replicates its DNA. In G2, the cell continues to grow and prepares for cell division.
2. Mitosis: This stage is further divided into several phases - prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During prophase, the chromosomes condense and become visible. In prometaphase, the nuclear membrane breaks down, and the chromosomes attach to the spindle fibers. Metaphase is characterized by the alignment of the chromosomes at the center of the cell. In anaphase, the sister chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell. Telophase marks the beginning of cell division, with the formation of two daughter nuclei.
3. Cytokinesis: This is the final stage of the cell cycle, during which the cytoplasm of the cell divides, resulting in the formation of two daughter cells. In animal cells, cytokinesis is achieved through the formation of a cleavage furrow, while in plant cells, a cell plate forms to divide the cytoplasm.
Overall, the cell cycle is a tightly regulated process that ensures the accurate replication and distribution of genetic material to daughter cells. It is essential for growth, development, and repair of tissues in multicellular organisms.