Quadrilaterals PQRS and P′Q′RS′ are shown below. Which series of transformations can be used to show that PQRS is similar to P′Q′RS′?

What does the p's and q's stand for in this questions?

In this question, the P's and Q's are labels used to denote the vertices of the quadrilaterals. They are simply used as names for the points on the figures, and do not have any specific mathematical significance. The letters are mostly arbitrary and could have been any other letter or symbol.