What are ethical and aesthetic service

the nonmaterial benefits that humans receive from ecosystems

the products that humans obtain from the ecosystem that they can use

the material benefits that humans receive from ecosystems

the contributions of ecosystems that benefit human survival and well-being

Some examples of ethical and aesthetic services provided by ecosystems include clean air and water, pollination of crops by bees, regulation of climate, cultural and recreational opportunities such as hiking and bird-watching, and spiritual and mental health benefits from connecting with nature. These services are not always tangible or easily measured, but have significant value for human well-being.