Lesson 2.01: Cells
What is an amino acid?
Define macromolecule.
Define homeostasis.
List the organelles in the eukaryotic cell. Give their function.
Lesson 2.02: Cell Reproduction
Define genotype.
Define phenotype.
Define allele.
Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis. What types of cells are produced from each process?
List and describe the phases of mitosis.
What is binary fission?
Lesson 2.03: DNA and Genetics
Define gene flow.
Define adaptations.
Define genetic drift.
Know how to complete a Punnett Square as well as list the genotypes and phenotypes.
Define dominant and recessive traits.
Lesson 2.04: Plant Reproduction
What are the advantages of sexual propagation? Asexaul propagation?
What are the disadvantages of sexual propagation? Asexaul propagation?
Compare and contrast gametophyte and sporophyte.
Lesson 2.05: Plant Growth
What is the cuticle in a plant? What is the function?
What is the phloem in a plant? What is the function?
What is the xylem in a plant? What is the function?
Compare and contrast photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
Lesson 2.01:
- An amino acid is a building block of protein that plays a crucial role in cell function.
- A macromolecule is a large molecule necessary for life that is formed from smaller subunits.
- Homeostasis is the ability of an organism to maintain internal stability and regulate its internal environment.
- Organelles in the eukaryotic cell include the nucleus (contains DNA and controls cell activities), mitochondria (produces energy), endoplasmic reticulum (involved in protein synthesis), Golgi apparatus (modifies, sorts, and packages proteins), lysosomes (digests and recycles cell waste), and chloroplasts (where photosynthesis occurs).
Lesson 2.02:
- Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism.
- Phenotype is the physical characteristics or traits of an organism.
- Allele is a variant form of a gene.
- Mitosis is a cell division process that produces two identical daughter cells, while meiosis produces four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes.
- Phases of mitosis include prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
- Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction in which a cell divides into two identical cells.
Lesson 2.03:
- Gene flow is the transfer of alleles or genes from one population to another.
- Adaptations are traits that help an organism survive and reproduce in its environment.
- Genetic drift is a change in the frequency of alleles in a population due to random events.
- Dominant traits are always expressed when present, while recessive traits are only expressed when two copies are present.
Lesson 2.04:
- Sexual propagation allows for genetic diversity and adaptability in plants, while asexual propagation produces genetically identical offspring quickly.
- Disadvantages of sexual propagation include the need for pollination and fertilization, while disadvantages of asexual propagation include lack of genetic diversity.
- Gametophyte is the haploid stage of plant reproduction, while sporophyte is the diploid stage.
Lesson 2.05:
- The cuticle in a plant is a waxy layer that helps prevent water loss and protect the plant from environmental stress.
- The phloem in a plant is responsible for transporting organic nutrients produced through photosynthesis.
- The xylem in a plant transports water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.
- Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy, while cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose into ATP for energy.