Elijah Muhammad, a leader of the Nation of Islam, believed that

African Americans should assert themselves against white power.
segregation was detrimental to achieving black power.
integration was the answer to achieving racial equality.
nonviolent resistance was the only type of effective protest.

Elijah Muhammad believed that African Americans should assert themselves against white power and work towards achieving black power through economic self-sufficiency, education, and community empowerment. He rejected the idea of integration, arguing that separate black and white communities were necessary for the advancement of African Americans. He also promoted self-defense and self-reliance as opposed to nonviolent resistance.