1. What is terrorism?
2. Explain the difference between terrorism and other crimes
3. State and describe the major cause of terrorism in the contemporary world era
4. discuss religious fundamentalism and its contribution for the spread of terrorism
5. What is weapons of mass destruction (WMD)?
6. Explain the controversy surrounding nuclear proliferation
7. Discuss the major treaties and conventions agreed to control Arms proliferation
8. Explain the different arms control mechanisms used by international communities
9. Elaborate the economic challenges of migration for both the sending and receiving states
10. discuss how migration and refugee rose to the international agenda
11. What are the causes of migration from the horn of Africa in general and Ethiopia in particular?
12. Mention and discuss the causes of brain drain and its effect on the development of nations
13. What is Global commons?
14. Identify and discuss the causes of climate change
15. Discuss the concept of Agenda 21 and describe its principles or component
16.what are those international legal instruments established to deal with environmental problems ?
17. Discuss the role of international community towards poverty reduction
18. What is millennium development goal and discuss those eight millennium development goals
19. Discuss the nexus between poverty and conflict
20. What are the challenges for the implementation of millennium development goal in Ethiopia ?
21. Discuss the concept of transnational crime
22. As part of transnational crime, discuss about money laundering and human trafficking and drug smuggling
23. How does globalization impact on the spread of transnational organized crimes ?
24. Explain the responses of the international communities towards transnational crime
1. Terrorism is the calculated use of violence (or the threat of violence) against civilians in order to attain goals that are political, religious, or ideological in nature.
2. The main difference between terrorism and other crimes is the motivation behind the act. While most crimes are committed for personal gain or out of anger or desperation, terrorism is typically carried out to achieve a specific political, religious, or ideological goal.
3. The major cause of terrorism in the contemporary world era is often attributed to factors such as political unrest, religious extremism, economic disparities, and social injustice. These factors can create conditions that make individuals more susceptible to radicalization and recruitment by terrorist organizations.
4. Religious fundamentalism can contribute to the spread of terrorism by providing a framework for extremist ideologies and justifying violent actions in the name of faith. Extremist interpretations of religious texts can be used to recruit and radicalize individuals, leading to acts of terrorism in the name of religious beliefs.
5. Weapons of mass destruction (WMD) are a category of weapons that have the capability to cause widespread destruction and death on a large scale. This includes nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons.
6. The controversy surrounding nuclear proliferation revolves around the spread of nuclear weapons to additional countries or non-state actors, which could potentially lead to an increase in the number of nuclear weapons and the risk of nuclear conflict.
7. Major treaties and conventions agreed to control Arms proliferation include the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), and the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC).
8. Different arms control mechanisms used by international communities include arms embargoes, export controls, disarmament agreements, and monitoring mechanisms to track the flow of weapons.
9. The economic challenges of migration for both sending and receiving states can include strain on social services, competition for jobs, cultural tensions, and potential exploitation of migrant workers.
10. Migration and refugee issues rose to the international agenda due to an increase in the number of displaced people worldwide, often as a result of conflicts, political instability, and economic hardships.
11. Causes of migration from the horn of Africa in general and Ethiopia in particular include political persecution, economic hardship, environmental degradation, and lack of opportunities for social and economic advancement.
12. Brain drain refers to the emigration of educated and skilled individuals from developing countries to more developed countries, resulting in a loss of human capital for the sending nations and hindering their development.
13. Global commons are shared resources such as the atmosphere, oceans, and outer space that are not owned by any one country but are essential for the well-being of all humanity.
14. Causes of climate change include human activities such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes that release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, leading to global warming.
15. Agenda 21 is a comprehensive action plan adopted by the United Nations in 1992 that aims to promote sustainable development through a set of principles and components focused on environmental protection, social equity, and economic development.
16. International legal instruments established to deal with environmental problems include the Kyoto Protocol, the Paris Agreement, the Convention on Biological Diversity, and the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.
17. The role of the international community towards poverty reduction involves providing development assistance, promoting trade and investment, advocating for debt relief, and supporting sustainable development initiatives in developing countries.
18. The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were eight international development goals established by the United Nations in 2000 to address poverty, hunger, education, gender equality, health, and environmental sustainability.
19. The nexus between poverty and conflict is a complex relationship where poverty can contribute to conflict through social injustice, economic disparities, and political instability, while conflict can exacerbate poverty by disrupting livelihoods, displacing populations, and hindering development.
20. Challenges for the implementation of Millennium Development Goals in Ethiopia include limited resources, political instability, environmental degradation, and social inequality that hinder progress towards achieving the development targets.
21. Transnational crime refers to criminal activities that cross national borders and involve organized criminal groups engaging in illegal activities such as drug trafficking, human smuggling, arms dealing, and money laundering.
22. Money laundering involves disguising the origins of illegally obtained money to make it appear legitimate, while human trafficking involves the illicit recruitment, transportation, and exploitation of individuals for forced labor or sexual exploitation, and drug smuggling refers to the illegal transportation and distribution of narcotics.
23. Globalization impacts the spread of transnational organized crimes by facilitating the movement of goods, people, and finances across borders, which can make it easier for criminal organizations to operate on an international scale.
24. Responses of the international community towards transnational crime include cooperation between law enforcement agencies, the sharing of intelligence and information, the enactment of international treaties and conventions, and the implementation of measures to prevent and combat organized crime activities.