Fundamental penology refers to the basic principles and theories that guide the study and practice of punishment and correctional measures within the criminal justice system. This includes understanding the goals of punishment, the methods of rehabilitation, and the impact of incarceration on individuals and society. Key components of fundamental penology include deterrence, rehabilitation, incapacitation, and retribution, as well as considerations of justice, fairness, and human rights in the administration of punishment. Ultimately, fundamental penology aims to promote the effective and ethical use of punishment in maintaining social order and promoting public safety.
