1 Identify and discuss feed resources available in Ethiopia for dairy cows
2 Explain the methods of feeding calves, heifers and milking cows.
3 Explain the factors to be considered during Establishing dairy farm
4 Write farmstead structure of dairy farm and necessary equipment for dairy farm
1. In Ethiopia, feed resources available for dairy cows include natural pastures, cultivated forages such as Napier grass, maize, sorghum, and legumes like alfalfa and cowpeas. Additionally, by-products from crop production such as wheat bran, maize bran, and brewers' grains are also commonly used as feed for dairy cows.
2. Feeding methods for calves, heifers, and milking cows typically involve providing a balanced diet that includes forages, grains, and protein sources. Calves are usually fed milk replacer or whole milk for the first few weeks of life, followed by a transition to solid feed such as calf starter pellets. Heifers are typically fed a diet that supports growth and development, including high-quality forages and grains. Milking cows require a diet that provides sufficient energy and protein to support milk production, usually consisting of a combination of forages, grains, and protein supplements.
3. Factors to consider when establishing a dairy farm include the availability of land for pasture and forage production, access to water for drinking and irrigation, proximity to markets for milk sales, availability of veterinary services, and the cost of feed and labor. Additionally, the climate and weather conditions in the region should be taken into account when planning a dairy farm.
4. The farmstead structure of a dairy farm typically includes a milking parlor, holding area for cows waiting to be milked, feed storage facilities, a barn or shelter for cows, a calving area, and facilities for manure management. Necessary equipment for a dairy farm includes milking machines, feed mixers, tractors or other equipment for field work, manure spreaders, and other tools for farm management. Additionally, good hygiene practices and proper waste management are essential for maintaining a healthy and productive dairy farm.