Investigations for spontanous bacterial peritonitis
There are several investigations that can be done to diagnose spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), including:
1. Ascitic fluid analysis: A sample of ascitic fluid can be obtained through abdominal paracentesis and sent for analysis. Elevated white blood cell count (typically greater than 250 cells/mm3) and a positive bacterial culture are suggestive of SBP.
2. Blood tests: Blood tests may be done to assess for signs of infection, such as elevated white blood cell count and C-reactive protein levels.
3. Imaging studies: Imaging studies such as ultrasound or CT scan may be done to evaluate for complications of SBP, such as abscess formation or loculated fluid collections.
4. Liver function tests: Liver function tests may be done to assess for underlying liver disease, as ascites and SBP are more common in patients with cirrhosis.
5. Serum and ascitic fluid albumin levels: Measurement of serum and ascitic fluid albumin levels can help calculate the serum-ascites albumin gradient (SAAG), which can help differentiate between different causes of ascites.
6. Other tests: Additional tests, such as serum creatinine levels, serum electrolytes, and coagulation studies, may be done to assess for complications of SBP and underlying liver disease.
It is important to promptly diagnose and treat SBP, as it can lead to serious complications if left untreated. Patients with suspected SBP should be promptly evaluated by a healthcare provider for further testing and management.