During meiosis, genetic diversity results from which of the following processes?
recombination via crossing over
independent assortment of chromosomes
replication of the cell's DNA
The correct answer is recombination via crossing over and independent assortment of chromosomes. These two processes contribute to genetic diversity during meiosis.
Recombination via crossing over occurs during prophase I of meiosis. Homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material, resulting in new combinations of genes on the chromosomes. This recombination increases genetic diversity by creating new combinations of alleles.
Independent assortment of chromosomes occurs during metaphase I of meiosis. Homologous pairs of chromosomes line up randomly at the center of the cell, and each pair separates independently, resulting in a random distribution of maternal and paternal chromosomes in the resulting gametes. This random assortment of chromosomes also contributes to genetic diversity by creating new combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes in the offspring.
Replication of the cell's DNA occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle, before meiosis takes place. It is not directly responsible for genetic diversity during meiosis.