A carbonyl functional group is a chemical group composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O). This functional group is found in a wide range of organic compounds, including aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids. The carbon atom in the carbonyl group is typically sp2 hybridized, giving it trigonal planar geometry. The carbonyl group is highly polar due to the electronegativity difference between carbon and oxygen, giving rise to its reactivity and characteristic properties, including its ability to form hydrogen bonds and participate in nucleophilic additions.
