Number and copy the following terms on a separate sheet of paper or copy and paste on a Google Doc. Use the definitions on from the Meiosis slide show. Provide one example or image of each term. Then complete the chart below.
1. Somatic Cells
2. Gametes
3. Diploid
4. Haploid
5. Karyotype
6. Meiosis
7. Sexual reproduction
8. Fertilization
9. Homologous chromosomes
10.Sister Chromatids
11. Crossing over
12. Tetrad
Complete the Meiosis Chart below briefly listing and describing each phase.
Meiosis I Meiosis II
1. Somatic Cells - Non-reproductive cells in the body that undergo mitosis to produce identical daughter cells. Example: Skin cells.
2. Gametes - Reproductive cells (sperm and eggs) produced by meiosis. Example: Egg.
3. Diploid - Cells containing two sets of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent. Example: Human somatic cells.
4. Haploid - Cells containing only one set of chromosomes. Example: Human gametes (sperm or egg).
5. Karyotype - A visual representation of a complete set of chromosomes arranged in order. Example: Karyotype of a person with Down syndrome.
6. Meiosis - The process of cell division that produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Example: Meiosis occurs in the ovaries and testes of animals.
7. Sexual reproduction - The process of reproduction involving the fusion of gametes from two parents to create offspring. Example: Fertilization of a sperm and egg in humans.
8. Fertilization - The fusion of a sperm and an egg to form a zygote. Example: Fertilization occurs in the fallopian tube of humans.
9. Homologous chromosomes - Paired chromosomes with similar genetic information. Example: Homologous chromosomes 1 from mother and father.
10. Sister Chromatids - Identical copies of a chromosome formed during DNA replication. Example: Two sister chromatids attached at the centromere.
11. Crossing over - The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis. Example: Crossing over occurs during prophase I of meiosis.
12. Tetrad - A structure formed by the pairing of homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis. Example: Four chromatids in a tetrad formation.
Meiosis I:
1. Prophase I - Homologous chromosomes pair up and crossing over occurs.
2. Metaphase I - Homologous chromosomes align at the cell's equator.
3. Anaphase I - Homologous chromosomes separate and move towards opposite poles.
4. Telophase I - Two haploid daughter cells are formed, each with duplicated chromosomes.
5. Cytokinesis I - The division of the cytoplasm to form two separate cells.
Meiosis II:
1. Prophase II - Spindle fibers form and attach to the chromosomes.
2. Metaphase II - Chromosomes align at the cell's equator.
3. Anaphase II - Sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles.
4. Telophase II - Four haploid daughter cells are formed, each with unduplicated chromosomes.
5. Cytokinesis II - The division of the cytoplasm to form four separate cells.