what we find on respiratory physical examination on CHF, PNEUMONIA and TB patient
Respiratory physical examination findings can vary depending on the specific condition. Here are some common findings observed in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), pneumonia, and tuberculosis (TB):
1. Congestive Heart Failure (CHF):
- Pulmonary crackles or rales: These are abnormal lung sounds heard on auscultation due to the accumulation of fluid in the lungs.
- Elevated Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP): Increased pressure in the jugular vein, which can be visualized as prominent pulsations in the neck.
- Edema: Swelling of the lower limbs or dependent areas due to fluid retention.
- Orthopnea: Difficulty breathing while lying flat, relieved by sitting up or elevating the head.
- Hepatomegaly: Enlargement of the liver due to congestion.
2. Pneumonia:
- Bronchial breath sounds: Normal breath sounds replaced by harsh, tubular sounds due to consolidation of lung tissue.
- Crackles: Similar to CHF, fine or coarse crackling sounds can be heard during inspiration or expiration.
- Increased tactile fremitus: Vibrations felt on the chest wall when the patient speaks, indicating consolidation.
- Dullness on percussion: Decreased resonance heard over the area of lung consolidation.
- Increased respiratory rate: Tachypnea is common in pneumonia as the body tries to compensate for decreased lung function.
3. Tuberculosis (TB):
- Decreased breath sounds: Due to consolidation or fibrosis in the lungs caused by tuberculosis.
- Cough: Persistent cough lasting more than 3 weeks, often accompanied by sputum production.
- Night sweats: Profuse sweating during sleep is a common symptom of TB.
- Hemoptysis: Coughing up blood-tinged sputum.
- Weight loss and fatigue: TB can cause significant weight loss and severe fatigue.
It's important to note that these findings are not exclusive to these conditions and can be present in other respiratory diseases as well. A comprehensive medical evaluation and diagnostic testing are crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.