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When the temperature in the ocean becomes too hot, several things happen to allergies and the relationship between algae and coral:
a) Allergy susceptibility increases: The warmer water temperatures can lead to the release of more allergenic materials, such as pollen or spores, from plants and algae. This increase in airborne allergens can make individuals more susceptible to allergic reactions.
b) Algae become a home for coral: In a symbiotic relationship, certain types of algae live within the tissues of coral. These algae, called zooxanthellae, provide energy to the coral through photosynthesis and help with reef building. However, when water temperatures rise too high, the coral may expel the algae as a stress response, resulting in coral bleaching.
c) Coral becomes stressed: When coral expels the algae, it loses its vibrant color and turns pale or white, leading to the term coral bleaching. This occurs because the algae provide the coral with essential nutrients and also give it its characteristic color. Without the algae, the coral becomes weakened and more susceptible to disease and death.
d) Algae-driven benefits decrease: With coral bleaching, the primary benefit provided by the algae, namely energy and nutrient supply through photosynthesis, diminishes. This can further weaken the coral and impact the overall health of the reef ecosystem. Without a healthy coral population, the biodiversity and stability of the reef decline.
Overall, rising ocean temperatures negatively affect allergies, disrupt the symbiotic relationship between algae and coral, lead to coral bleaching, and ultimately harm the health of coral reefs.