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The split among the Jacobins caused the National Assembly to call for new elections to choose representatives who would write a new constitution. These representatives met in the National Convention, then drew up a new constitu that radically changed France's government. It abolished the monarchy and made France into a republic.
Execution of the King The National Convention then held a trial for the powerless king. By a wide margin, they found the ex-king guilty of various crimes against the people of France. However, the convention was closely divided on the proper punishment. The Jacobin leader of the Paris delegation to the National Convention was Maximilien Robespierre, a believer in the idea of the general will as described by Rousseau. Robespierre argued for execution Others argued for moderation. Executing a monarch was rare. No European monarch had been executed since 1649, when the English beheaded Charles L Robespierre won. On January 21, 1793, Louis XVI was taken to the guillotine The Reign of Terror In July 1793, Robespierre became leader of the 12-man Committee of Public Safety, which allowed him to control the French government during the country's growing financial and military crisis. The committee enacted measures to stabilize the economy and further the formation of a large army to combat the foreign powers attacking France's borders. Counterrevolutionary uprisings, especially in the south and west of France, also had to be put down. This action began the Reign of Terror.
During this period, special courts ordered the execution of many thousands of people whom Robespierre and his allies considered "enemies of the republic." Victims of the Terror included aristocrats, clergy, and even ordinary people suspected of treason, even if no actual proof existed. Their deaths at the guillotine were public spectacles.
For Robespierre and other members of the Committee of Public Safety, the Reign of Terror was necessary. They believed that only an authoritarian, violent government could defend the gains made by the French Revolution. They had to eliminate all those who might oppose or even criticize the National Convention (It governed France during this stage of the revolution.)
One victim of the Terror was writer and social reformer Olympe de Gouges She is best known for her Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen (1791), a rebuttal to the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. It argued, among other things, that women should be given the same rights as men. Late in 1793, she fell afoul of the Committee of Public Safety for her moderate views concerning the king and other subjects. She went to the guillotine on November 4.
As the Terror claimed more victims and Robespierre became more aggressive members of the National Convention began to fear for their lives. Moderates and extremists joined together to overthrow him. In July 1794, his opponents had Robespierre arrested and he and his allies went to the guillotine in short order. His death ended the Reign of Terror. Between 15,000 and 30,000 had died. The End of the Revolution In 1795, another constitution placed France under the control of the Directory, a five-member committee. The Directory proved to be corrupt and inefficient. It could not solve the country's serious financial issues. Furthermore, in 1798, France's enemics gained new strength. Britain, in control of the seas, persuaded other countries to join the fight against France. In 1799, French armies lost land battles in Italy, Switzerland, and the
Netherlands. The future looked dark. people usally have more than one reason for their actions. White Simon Bolivar was working for the welfair of his people what other motivations mighjt he have had for south american resolution for succeeed in a short sentence written like a 8th grader