What can be referred by the passage of the black Codes?

The passage of the black codes can be referred to as the establishment of laws and regulations in the Southern states of the United States during the Reconstruction Era that restricted the rights and freedoms of African Americans. These codes aimed to control and reestablish white control over the newly freed African American population. The black codes sought to dictate their labor, mobility, and behavior, effectively enforcing a system similar to slavery and perpetuating racial segregation and discrimination.