A student writing an essay identifying the causes of independence movements in Latin American and the Caribbean would include which of the following?(1 point)
The student should include the following causes of independence movements in Latin America and the Caribbean:
1. Enlightenment Ideas: The spread of Enlightenment ideas, such as liberty, equality, and the rights of the individual, inspired people in Latin America and the Caribbean to challenge colonial rule and seek independence.
2. Influence of American and French Revolutions: The successful American Revolution against British rule and the French Revolution that overthrew the absolute monarchy had a significant impact on inspiring independence movements in Latin America and the Caribbean.
3. Economic Exploitation: The colonies in Latin America and the Caribbean were heavily exploited by the European powers for their natural resources and wealth. This economic exploitation created resentment among the local populations and fueled their desire for independence.
4. Inequality and Social Injustice: The rigid social hierarchy and class system in the colonies, with the European elite at the top and the indigenous and Afro-descendant populations at the bottom, created deep social and economic inequalities. These inequalities became a driving force behind the independence movements.
5. Nationalism and Identity: The growth of national consciousness and a sense of identity among the populations in Latin America and the Caribbean also played a crucial role in the independence movements. People began to identify themselves as "Americans" and sought to break free from colonial rule to establish their own nations.
6. Leadership and Revolutionary Figures: The presence of charismatic leaders and revolutionary figures, such as Simón Bolívar, José de San Martín, and Toussaint Louverture, who advocated for independence and led successful rebellions, were instrumental in galvanizing the movements and inspiring others to join.
7. Weakening of European Powers: During the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the European powers, particularly Spain and Portugal, were weakened by various internal and external conflicts. This provided an opportunity for the colonies to assert their independence.
8. Wars and Conflicts: The Napoleonic Wars in Europe and the resulting turmoil weakened the control and influence of the European powers over their colonies. This created a power vacuum that allowed independence movements to flourish.
These causes were not necessarily exclusive to each other and often overlapped, reinforcing one another in the struggle for independence in Latin America and the Caribbean.