The surface area of a rectangular prism A is 142 units2. If rectangular prism A is dilated by a scale factor of 2 to create rectangular prism B, what is the surface area of rectangular prism B?

If the scale factor is 2, then each side length of the new prism will be twice as long as the original prism. Therefore, the surface area of the new prism will be 4 times the surface area of the original prism. Therefore, the surface area of rectangular prism B is 142 * 4 = <<142*4=568>>568 units2. Answer: \boxed{568}.