Discuss the increase and decrease of presidential powers. Define “Imperial Presidency” and give two examples of presidents who increased presidential power. What is an advantage and a disadvantage of increasing presidential power?
(4 points)
The increase and decrease of presidential powers is a dynamic phenomenon influenced by various factors such as historical context, political climate, and individual leadership. Over time, the power of the presidency has fluctuated, with some presidents expanding their authority and others advocating for a more limited role.
The term "Imperial Presidency" refers to a situation where the president possesses a significant amount of centralized power and acts more like a monarch or emperor rather than a democratic leader. In an Imperial Presidency, the executive branch dominates the other branches of government, often bypassing checks and balances. This concept was popularized by historian Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. during the Nixon administration.
Two examples of presidents who increased presidential power are Franklin D. Roosevelt and Richard Nixon. Roosevelt is often seen as a transformative figure during the Great Depression and World War II era. His New Deal policies expanded the role of the federal government, and he utilized executive orders to implement various reforms without significant congressional oversight. Additionally, Roosevelt's attempt to pack the Supreme Court with justices favorable to his policies was seen as an encroachment on the judiciary branch.
Richard Nixon, on the other hand, is associated with the expansion of executive power in the realm of national security and surveillance. In response to perceived threats during the Cold War and the Vietnam War, Nixon implemented policies such as warrantless wiretapping, secret bombings, and a broad interpretation of executive privilege. The Watergate scandal, which ultimately led to Nixon's resignation, exposed the abuse of power and contributed to a public backlash against the Imperial Presidency.
An advantage of increasing presidential power is the potential for decisive and efficient decision-making. In times of crisis or urgency, a strong and empowered president may be able to respond swiftly without being hindered by the bureaucracy or the need for extensive negotiations with other branches. This can be particularly beneficial in situations where immediate action is required to protect national security or respond to emergencies.
However, a disadvantage of increasing presidential power is the risk of eroding democratic principles and concentrating power in the hands of one individual. Excessive executive authority can bypass checks and balances, leading to potential abuses of power, corruption, and a lack of accountability. It may limit the ability of other branches to provide a counterbalance, diminishing the democratic nature of the government and potentially leading to a decline in public trust and legitimacy.