How did henry VII come into conflict with the pope
Henry VII, also known as Henry VIII, came into conflict with the Pope primarily due to his desire to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. Henry wished to divorce Catherine as she had not produced a male heir to the throne, and he was infatuated with Anne Boleyn, whom he wanted to marry. However, the Pope, who held the authority to grant such an annulment, refused to grant Henry's request.
The Pope, Clement VII, was politically influenced by Catherine's nephew, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, who threatened military action against Rome if the annulment was granted. Additionally, the Pope was concerned about setting a precedent and undermining the sanctity of marriage.
Consequently, Henry became frustrated with the Pope's refusal and decided to take matters into his own hands. He pursued a break from the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and established the Church of England in 1534, with himself as its supreme head instead of the Pope. This act, known as the Act of Supremacy, marked the beginning of the English Reformation and caused a permanent schism between England and the Roman Catholic Church.
The conflict with the Pope continued, leading to Henry's excommunication by Pope Paul III in 1538. Henry then confiscated the wealth and property of the monasteries in England as part of the Dissolution of the Monasteries, further severing ties with the Catholic Church and solidifying his authority over the religious affairs of his kingdom.