Answer briefly
1.Identify and discuss feed resources available in Ethiopia for dairy cows
2.Explain the methods of feeding calves, heifers and milking cows.
3.Explain the factors to be considered during Establishing dairy farm
4.Write farmstead structure of dairy farm and necessary equipment for dairy farm
Within introduction, conclusion and reference
1. The feed resources available in Ethiopia for dairy cows include pasture grasses, crop residues, and agro-industrial byproducts. Pasture grasses like Bermuda grass and Rhodes grass can be used for grazing. Crop residues such as wheat straw and oat straw can be fed as roughage. Agro-industrial byproducts like brewers' grains and cottonseed cake can be used as supplements to improve the nutritional value of the diet.
2. Feeding methods for calves, heifers, and milking cows vary based on their age and specific nutritional needs. Calves are typically fed colostrum for the first few days, followed by a milk replacer or whole milk. As they get older, they are gradually introduced to solid feed such as high-quality hay and calf starter grain. Heifers are fed a balanced ration of roughage and concentrate feeds to support their growth and development. Milking cows are usually provided a total mixed ration (TMR), which includes a combination of forages, grains, and protein supplements to meet their energy and nutrient requirements.
3. When establishing a dairy farm, several factors need to be considered. These include the availability and quality of feed resources, access to water for irrigation and animal drinking, suitable climate and environmental conditions, availability of labor, access to markets for milk and dairy products, and infrastructure for milk storage and processing. The availability of veterinary services and healthcare facilities for the welfare of the dairy cows is also important.
4. The farmstead structure of a dairy farm typically consists of a milking parlor or milking barn, calf barn, heifer barn, and main barn for milking cows. Additional structures may include a feed storage area, silos or bunkers for feed preservation, and a manure storage facility. Necessary equipment for a dairy farm includes milking machines, milk cooling tanks, automatic feeding systems, barn cleaners, and manure handling equipment. Other equipment may include tractors, feeding wagons, and hay balers for efficient feed management. A farmstead also requires proper fencing and watering systems for the cattle.
In conclusion, Ethiopia has a range of feed resources available for dairy cows, and feeding methods vary depending on the age and nutritional needs of the animals. Various factors need to be considered when establishing a dairy farm, including feed resources, water availability, climate, labor, markets, and infrastructure. The farmstead structure of a dairy farm includes various barns and buildings, while necessary equipment includes milking machines, storage tanks, feeding systems, and manure handling equipment.