Discuss breifly
1.Identify and discuss feed resources available in Ethiopia for dairy cows
2.Explain the methods of feeding calves, heifers and milking cows.
3.Explain the factors to be considered during Establishing dairy farm
4.Write farmstead structure of dairy farm and necessary equipment for dairy farm
Within introduction,cinclusion and references
1. Feed resources available in Ethiopia for dairy cows: In Ethiopia, there are various feed resources available for dairy cows. These include natural pastures, crop residues, browse plants, agro-industrial by-products, and concentrate feeds. Natural pastures, consisting of grasses and legumes, are commonly grazed by dairy cows. Crop residues, such as straws and husks, are used as roughage sources. Browse plants, which are woody plants with foliage, provide an additional forage option. Agro-industrial by-products, like brewery waste, oilseed cakes, and molasses, can be used to supplement the diet. Finally, concentrate feeds, formulated with grains and protein sources, are used to increase energy and protein intake.
2. Methods of feeding calves, heifers, and milking cows: Calves are typically fed colostrum immediately after birth, followed by a milk replacer or whole milk until they are weaned at around 8-12 weeks old. After weaning, they are transitioned to a starter feed and gradually introduced to forages and concentrates. Heifers, which are young female cows, are provided with a balanced diet to promote growth and development. This includes a combination of forages, concentrates, and minerals. Milking cows require a well-balanced diet to support high milk production. They are typically fed a mixture of forages (such as grasses and legumes), concentrates (grains and protein sources), and minerals. The feeding regimen for milking cows needs to account for their stage of lactation and milk yield.
3. Factors to be considered during establishing a dairy farm: When establishing a dairy farm, several factors need to be considered. These include the availability of land, proximity to markets, access to water and electricity, availability of feed resources, breed selection, equipment and infrastructure requirements, and knowledge and skills of the farmers. It is important to have a well-planned business model, including a clear marketing strategy and understanding of the target consumer base. Adequate financial resources and a strong support system are also crucial considerations.
4. Farmstead structure of a dairy farm and necessary equipment: The farmstead structure of a dairy farm typically includes a milking parlor, milk storage and cooling facilities, feeding and housing areas, and appropriate waste management systems. The milking parlor may range from a simple bucket milking setup to a fully automated milking system. Milk storage and cooling facilities are necessary to ensure the quality and safety of the milk. Feeding and housing areas should provide sufficient space and comfort for the cows. Adequate ventilation, lighting, and bedding materials are also important. Necessary equipment for a dairy farm may include milking machines, milk storage tanks, feeding troughs, water troughs, scales, barn cleaners, and manure handling equipment.
Introduction: Introduce the importance of feed resources, feeding methods, and factors to consider in establishing a dairy farm.
Conclusion: Recap the key points discussed in each section and emphasize the importance of proper feed management, feeding practices, and infrastructure for successful dairy farming.
References: Include a list of the sources used in gathering information for the discussion.