LUCA, the Last Universal Common Ancestor, is believed to have lived around 3.5 to 3.8 billion years ago. Based on current knowledge, it is unlikely that LUCA possessed membrane-bound organelles such as a nucleus or chloroplasts. These features evolved later in the evolution of cellular life forms. However, it is likely that LUCA had a lipid membrane, as this is a basic component of all cells and is essential for cellular structure and function.
