Inferential and explicit evidence
Inferential evidence refers to information that is not explicitly stated or directly observed but can be derived or inferred from other known facts or evidence. It involves making logical deductions or reaching conclusions based on existing information. For example, if it is known that all birds have wings and a specific animal has wings, it can be inferred that the animal is a bird.
Explicit evidence, on the other hand, refers to information that is clearly and directly stated or observed. It is evidence that is presented in a straightforward and easily understandable manner. For example, if a research study explicitly states that a certain treatment led to a reduction in symptoms in 80% of the participants, that would be explicit evidence of the treatment's effectiveness.
In summary, inferential evidence involves drawing conclusions or making deductions based on existing information, while explicit evidence is directly stated or observed without the need for interpretation or inference.