An analysis of the longterm impacts of the Columbian Exchange on Indigenous North American populations would show that
A Indigenous cultures faced the threat of extinction
B Indigenous groups resisted European invasion of their homelands
C Old World goods became widely accessible to Indigenous populations
D productive and thriving trade agreements were formed
The correct answer is A) Indigenous cultures faced the threat of extinction.
The Columbian Exchange, which refers to the widespread transfer of plants, animals, people, and diseases between the Old World (Europe, Africa, and Asia) and the New World (the Americas), had significant long-term impacts on Indigenous North American populations.
The arrival of Europeans brought devastating diseases, such as smallpox, measles, and influenza, to which Indigenous peoples had little immunity. These diseases caused catastrophic population declines and had a significant impact on the cultures and societies of Indigenous groups. The loss of population, combined with forced displacement, violence, and cultural assimilation policies, put Indigenous cultures at risk of extinction.
While Indigenous groups did resist European invasion of their homelands, their efforts were often unsuccessful in the face of superior European weaponry, military tactics, and diseases. Although some trade agreements were formed between Indigenous populations and Europeans, the predominant impact of the Columbian Exchange on Indigenous North Americans was the threat of extinction rather than productive and thriving trade arrangements or increased accessibility to Old World goods.