One abiotic change that may increase mortality for ringed seals is the melting of pack ice due to rising temperatures. Ringed seals rely on pack ice for building their lairs, which provide shelter and protection during the birthing and nursing period. If the pack ice melts earlier or becomes unstable, it can lead to the collapse of the seal's lair, exposing them to harsh weather conditions and potential predation. This can significantly increase mortality rates among ringed seal pups.
