Why did William T. Sherman want to attack Columbia
There are several reasons that can be attributed to William T. Sherman's decision to attack Columbia during the American Civil War:
1. Military Strategy: As part of his overall strategy of total war, Sherman intended to cripple the Confederacy's ability to wage war by targeting their infrastructure, supplies, and resources. Columbia, being the capital of South Carolina, was a crucial hub for the Confederate government and military operations in the region.
2. Symbolic Target: Columbia was not only a strategic location but also a symbolic one. By capturing and destroying the capital city, Sherman aimed to demoralize the Confederates and their civilian supporters, as well as undermine their belief in the Confederacy's ability to protect their homes and institutions.
3. Retribution: Sherman had a personal vendetta against South Carolina. It was the first state to secede from the Union, and many Southerners blamed South Carolina for instigating the Civil War. Sherman believed that the state deserved to be punished, and attacking Columbia was a way to exact revenge.
4. Aiming for Surrender: Sherman hoped that by bringing devastation to important cities like Columbia, he could pressure the Confederacy into surrendering. He believed that by demonstrating Sheridan's forces' power and determination, the Confederates would see the futility of continuing the fight.
It's important to note that some of these reasons are speculative, and Sherman's own writings don't provide definitive explanations for his decision to attack Columbia specifically. Nevertheless, these factors likely played a significant role in his strategic calculations.