How has the caste system changed in India and Pakistan?
It faded from existence as societies became less religious.
Caste-based disrimination has been outlawed
women can now belong to the highest castes
there are now only three castes instead of five
The statement provided is not entirely accurate. While certain changes have occurred in the caste system in India and Pakistan, it would be incorrect to say that the system has faded from existence or that societies have become less religious. Here are the more accurate changes regarding the caste system in both countries:
India:
1. Legal Measures: There have been various legal measures to combat caste-based discrimination. The Indian Constitution, notably through the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989, provides protections and prohibits discrimination against lower castes (Scheduled Castes) and indigenous tribal communities (Scheduled Tribes).
2. Affirmative Action: The Indian government has implemented reservations or affirmative action policies to provide better opportunities and representation for marginalized castes in education, employment, and politics. These policies aim to bridge the social and economic gaps between different castes.
3. Social Awareness and Activism: Over time, increased social awareness and activism have contributed to a reduction in the acceptance and practice of caste-based discrimination. Organizations and individuals are now working towards promoting equality and challenging discriminatory practices associated with the caste system.
Pakistan:
1. Abolition of Untouchability: Pakistan, being a predominantly Muslim country, does not have a caste system similar to that of India. However, it does have social stratification based on social classes and tribes. In 1955, Pakistan abolished the practice of untouchability, which historically existed in certain regions.
2. Legal Measures: Pakistan's Constitution prohibits discrimination on the basis of caste, creed, religion, etc., and provides equal rights and opportunities to all citizens. Discrimination based on caste is illegal; however, there are occasional reports of discrimination against lower social classes and tribes.
3. Social Dynamics: Pakistan's society has witnessed some changes in terms of social mobility, education, and economic opportunities, which have contributed to shifts in traditional social hierarchies. However, caste-like divisions based on social class and tribal affiliations still persist, particularly in rural areas.
In summary, both India and Pakistan have taken steps to address caste-based discrimination and legal equality. Although progress has been made, the caste system and its influence are still prevalent in various aspects of society and continue to be deeply rooted in cultural and historical contexts.