What is spina bifida
Spina bifida is a congenital condition characterized by the incomplete development or closure of the neural tube, which is the structure that eventually forms the spinal cord. This condition occurs during early pregnancy when the bones of the spine (vertebrae) do not fully form, leaving an opening in the spinal column. As a result, the spinal cord and its protective covering do not develop properly.
There are different types of spina bifida, including:
1. Spina bifida occulta: This is the mildest form, where the spinal cord and nerves are not exposed. The vertebrae are not completely formed, but the spinal cord remains intact and no visible external abnormalities are present.
2. Meningocele: In this form, the protective covering around the spinal cord (meninges) protrudes through the opening in the vertebrae, but the spinal cord itself is still inside.
3. Myelomeningocele: This is the most severe form of spina bifida, where the spinal cord and its protective covering protrude through the opening in the vertebrae and are exposed outside the body. This can lead to various neurological complications and impairments.
Spina bifida can cause a range of complications and symptoms, depending on the type and severity. Common issues associated with spina bifida include paralysis or weakness in the legs, bladder and bowel problems, hydrocephalus (excessive fluid in the brain), learning disabilities, and orthopedic complications. Treatment usually involves surgical intervention to close the opening in the spine and manage the associated complications.