2. Prepare a brief written report of about 400 words, in which you include the following information. 2.1 Which endocrine gland secretes the hormone, that, by under- or over-secretion, causes the disorder? (2) 2.2 Where in the human body is this endocrine gland located? (2) 2.3 Define the endocri
2.1 The endocrine gland that secretes the hormone causing the disorder depends on the specific disorder being referred to. There are several endocrine glands in the human body, each responsible for secreting different hormones. Some common disorders and their corresponding endocrine gland include:
- Hyperthyroidism: This disorder occurs due to over-secretion of thyroid hormone. The hormone responsible for this disorder is thyroxine, which is secreted by the thyroid gland.
- Hypothyroidism: This disorder occurs due to under-secretion of thyroid hormone. The hormone responsible for this disorder is also thyroxine, which is secreted by the thyroid gland.
- Diabetes: This disorder occurs due to either a deficiency of insulin or inability of the body to effectively use insulin. Insulin is secreted by the pancreas, specifically the islets of Langerhans.
- Cushing's syndrome: This disorder occurs due to over-secretion of cortisol, a stress hormone. Cortisol is secreted by the adrenal glands, located on top of the kidneys.
- Addison's disease: This disorder occurs due to under-secretion of cortisol and aldosterone. These hormones are secreted by the adrenal glands.
2.2 The location of the endocrine gland depends on the specific gland being referred to. Here are the locations of the glands mentioned above:
- The thyroid gland is located in the neck, just below the Adam's apple.
- The pancreas is located in the abdomen, behind the stomach.
- The adrenal glands are located on top of each of the kidneys.
2.3 The term "endocrine" refers to a system of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. These hormones then travel to target cells or organs to regulate various physiological processes. The endocrine system works together with the nervous system to maintain homeostasis in the body.
Endocrine glands are ductless and include glands such as the thyroid, pancreas, adrenal glands, pituitary gland, and more. These glands produce hormones that are essential for the normal functioning and regulation of the body. Hormones act as messengers and help in coordinating various processes such as growth, metabolism, reproduction, and response to stress.
Disorders of the endocrine system can occur due to either over-secretion or under-secretion of hormones. These disorders can have significant effects on an individual's health and well-being. Common treatments for endocrine disorders include hormone replacement therapy, medication, and in some cases, surgery. Regular monitoring and management of these disorders play a crucial role in maintaining overall health.