4 Explain how the amount of moisture in the slope would influence the amount of infiltration at c
5 Describe the factor that result in more surface runoff at d
4. The amount of moisture in the slope directly influences the amount of infiltration at c. If the slope has less moisture, such as during periods of drought or if the soil is compacted, the infiltration will be lower. In such cases, the soil cannot absorb water effectively, leading to reduced infiltration. On the other hand, if the slope has more moisture, such as during heavy rainfall or if the soil has a high capacity to retain water, the infiltration will be higher. In this scenario, the soil can absorb water readily, allowing for increased infiltration.
5. There are several factors that can result in more surface runoff at d. Firstly, if the slope has a steep gradient, water is more likely to flow quickly over the surface instead of infiltrating into the soil. This can occur if the slope is compacted or lacks vegetation, preventing water from being absorbed. Additionally, if the soil is already saturated with moisture, further rainfall or water input will not be able to infiltrate, leading to more surface runoff. Furthermore, if the slope has impermeable surfaces like paved areas or concrete, water cannot penetrate these surfaces, causing increased surface runoff. Lastly, if the rainfall intensity is high, exceeding the soil's infiltration capacity, more water will be forced to flow over the surface rather than infiltrating, resulting in increased surface runoff at d.