In 1–2 sentences, compare two different fifteenth-century European empires. Choose from Spain, Portugal, England, France, and the Netherlands. Explain why and how they colonized the areas they were in and the effects of colonization on the Indigenous inhabitants.(2 points)
Both Spain and Portugal colonized vast areas of the Americas, using a combination of exploration, conquest, and forced labor to establish colonies, which resulted in the displacement, exploitation, and devastation of Indigenous populations through diseases, violence, and forced labor.
In 3–5 sentences, make a connection between industrialization in Europe and renewed European efforts at colonization, including two elements of continuity and two elements of change.(4 points)
Industrialization in Europe provided the economic and technological advancements that fueled renewed European efforts at colonization in the 19th century. The continuity can be seen in the desire for raw materials for industrial production and markets for manufactured goods, which led to the continued exploitation and extraction of resources from colonized areas. Additionally, the belief in European racial and cultural superiority remained a driving force in justifying colonization. However, there were also changes, as new inventions such as steamships allowed for faster travel and more efficient transportation of goods and troops, while the rise of nationalism and competition between European powers intensified the race for colonies and spheres of influence.
MAKE SHORTER
Industrialization in Europe led to increased colonization efforts in the 19th century, with continuity seen in the desire for resources and markets, alongside the belief in European superiority. However, changes included advancements in transportation technology, like steamships, and intensified competition between European powers.
