Introduction on the 10 investigative procedures, the 5 special procedures of gastro intestinal system and role of the nurse
Investigative procedures play a crucial role in diagnosing and evaluating various health conditions. In the case of gastro-intestinal (GI) system disorders, there are ten common investigative procedures, along with five special procedures. Nurses play a vital role in assisting with these procedures, ensuring patient comfort, safety, and accurate data collection.
The ten investigative procedures commonly used for GI system assessment are:
1. Endoscopy: A procedure that uses a flexible tube with a camera to evaluate the inside of the GI tract, commonly used to examine the esophagus, stomach, and upper small intestine.
2. Colonoscopy: This procedure involves examining the large intestine using a flexible tube with a camera, often used to detect abnormalities such as polyps or tumors.
3. Barium swallow: This is an X-ray test in which the patient swallows a liquid containing barium to highlight the upper GI tract, allowing abnormalities to be detected.
4. Barium enema: Similar to the barium swallow, this procedure uses a liquid containing barium, but it is introduced into the rectum to highlight the lower GI tract.
5. Ultrasound: In this non-invasive procedure, sound waves are used to create images of the organs in the abdomen, aiding in the diagnosis of conditions such as gallstones or liver disease.
6. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): This imaging technique uses a powerful magnetic field and radio waves to produce detailed images, helping to identify abnormalities within the GI system.
7. Computed Tomography (CT) scan: This procedure combines multiple X-ray images to create a more detailed cross-sectional view of the abdomen, providing valuable information for diagnosis.
8. Stool analysis: This involves laboratory testing of a fecal sample to detect the presence of parasites, blood, bacteria, or any other abnormal substances.
9. Upper GI series: This involves the ingestion of liquid contrast material followed by X-rays, allowing the evaluation of the anatomy and function of the upper GI tract.
10. Lower GI series: Similar to the upper GI series, this procedure involves the ingestion of liquid contrast material and X-rays, evaluating the lower GI tract.
Additionally, there are five special procedures used specifically for GI system evaluation:
1. Esophageal manometry: This assesses the function of the esophageal muscles and evaluates the movement of food through the esophagus.
2. Esophageal pH monitoring: Used to measure the amount of acid reflux in the esophagus over a specific period, helping to diagnose gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
3. Gastric emptying study: This test evaluates the emptying time of food from the stomach, useful in diagnosing conditions such as gastroparesis.
4. Liver biopsy: This procedure involves acquiring a small sample of liver tissue for analysis, aiding in the evaluation of liver diseases and conditions.
5. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP): Combining endoscopy and X-ray imaging, this procedure is used to diagnose and treat conditions affecting the bile ducts and pancreatic ducts.
Nurses play a vital role in assisting with these investigative procedures. They must have a thorough understanding of each procedure, ensuring that patients are well-informed and prepared physically and emotionally. Nurses also ensure patient safety by monitoring vital signs, managing any potential complications, and providing post-procedure care. They facilitate effective communication between the healthcare team and the patient, ensuring accurate documentation of procedures and results. Nurses also provide emotional support, addressing any concerns or anxieties the patient may have throughout the investigative process.