How do ATP and NADPH connect light-dependent and light-independent reactions in photosynthesis?
ATP and NADPH are produced in both reactions.
ATP and NADPH are used in both reactions.
ATP and NADPH are produced in the light-dependent reactions and used in the light-independent reactions.
ATP and NADPH are produced in the light-independent reactions and used in the light-dependent reactions.
ATP and NADPH are produced in the light-dependent reactions and used in the light-independent reactions. These molecules are generated through the process of photophosphorylation during the light-dependent reactions, where light energy is used to convert ADP and inorganic phosphate into ATP, and NADP+ is reduced to form NADPH. The ATP and NADPH then serve as energy and reducing power sources, respectively, in the light-independent reactions (also known as the Calvin cycle or dark reactions) to drive the synthesis of carbohydrates using carbon dioxide as the carbon source. Therefore, ATP and NADPH play a crucial role in connecting the light-dependent reactions, where they are generated, to the light-independent reactions, where they are utilized.
