Leaf cutter ants cultivate fungus, the ants, keep conditions optimal for lungs growth, and carry leaf fragments for the fungus which kind of relationship exist between the fungus and the ants
The relationship between leaf cutter ants and the fungus they cultivate is known as mutualism. Mutualism is a type of symbiotic relationship where both species involved benefit from the interaction.
The ants benefit from the fungus because it serves as their primary food source. The ants cultivate a specific species of fungus in underground gardens by bringing back leaf fragments which serve as the substrate for fungal growth. They keep the conditions such as temperature, humidity, and fungal pathogens optimal for the growth of the fungus. In return, the fungus provides nutrition to the ants in the form of specialized parts called gongylidia, which the ants consume. The ants and the fungus have co-evolved over a long period of time, establishing a mutually beneficial relationship.