Which genetic abnormality can be identified through karyotyping?
Karyotyping is a laboratory technique used to analyze and identify chromosomal abnormalities in an individual. It can help identify several genetic abnormalities, including:
1. Down syndrome (Trisomy 21): This is caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21.
2. Turner syndrome (Monosomy X): This occurs when females have only one X chromosome instead of two.
3. Klinefelter syndrome (XXY): This condition results in males having an extra X chromosome.
4. Triple X syndrome (XXX): Females with this condition have an extra X chromosome.
5. Jacobsen syndrome (11q deletion disorder): This occurs when a portion of the long arm of chromosome 11 is deleted.
6. Cri-du-chat syndrome: Caused by a deletion on the short arm of chromosome 5, resulting in a characteristic high-pitched cry in affected infants.
7. Prader-Willi syndrome: This neurodevelopmental disorder links to deletions or other abnormalities on chromosome 15.
These are just a few examples, and karyotyping can also detect numerous other chromosomal abnormalities.