why did Henry VIII come into conflict with the pope
Henry VIII came into conflict with the Pope primarily because he wanted to annul his marriage to his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. Catherine had not been able to produce a male heir, and Henry was convinced that their marriage was cursed. He wanted to marry Anne Boleyn, with whom he had fallen in love and hoped would bear him a son.
However, the Catholic Church did not allow divorce, and in order to obtain an annulment, Henry needed the Pope's approval. Pope Clement VII initially refused to grant the annulment, due in part to political pressures from Catherine's powerful nephew, Emperor Charles V. Additionally, the Pope may have been reluctant to undermine the authority of the Church by setting a precedent of annulling a marriage.
As a result, Henry took matters into his own hands. He established the Church of England, known as the Anglican Church, and declared himself the head of this new Church, thus breaking away from the authority of the Pope in Rome. This schism, known as the English Reformation, led to Henry VIII's conflict with the Pope and the subsequent religious and political changes in England.