Why do mid latitude cyclones dissipate
Mid-latitude cyclones, also known as extratropical cyclones, typically dissipate due to a combination of various factors such as the following:
1. Lack of an energy source: Mid-latitude cyclones derive their energy from temperature contrasts between warm and cold air masses. As these temperature gradients diminish, the cyclone loses its primary source of energy and gradually weakens.
2. Loss of instability: Instability in the atmosphere, which contributes to the cyclogenesis of mid-latitude cyclones, can dissipate when warm and cold air masses mix and become more uniform. This can occur as the cyclone moves over regions with less temperature contrast, such as over the ocean or landmasses with relatively uniform temperatures.
3. Weakening of upper-level support: Mid-latitude cyclones are often associated with upper-level atmospheric features, such as jet streams, that provide favorable conditions for their development and maintenance. If these upper-level features shift or weaken, they can no longer support the cyclone, leading to its dissipation.
4. Loss of moisture and instability: Mid-latitude cyclones require the presence of moisture for their intensification. If the cyclone moves over drier and more stable air, it can lose its moisture supply and the potential for further development, ultimately leading to dissipation.
5. Disruption of the cyclone's structure: Interaction with land, mountains, or other weather systems can disrupt the structure of a mid-latitude cyclone, causing it to weaken and dissipate. For instance, when a cyclone moves over mountainous terrain, the forced ascent of air over the mountains can disrupt the cyclonic circulation and lead to its dissipation.
Overall, the dissipation of mid-latitude cyclones is a complex process influenced by a combination of factors related to the energy supply, atmospheric stability, upper-level support, moisture availability, and the cyclone's interaction with the environment.