Is there any difference between the police deviance during martial law and today?
Yes, there are differences between police deviance during martial law and today. Some key differences include:
1. Context: During martial law, the country is usually under authoritarian rule, with the military having extensive powers to maintain control and suppress opposition. Police forces often operate under the direction of the military, resulting in widespread abuse of power and human rights violations. In contrast, in a democratic system, police deviance is generally subject to legal and institutional checks and balances.
2. Legitimacy: Under martial law, police actions are often perceived as serving the interests of the ruling regime, which can undermine their legitimacy and public trust. In a democratic society, police legitimacy is determined by adherence to the rule of law, respect for human rights, and maintaining public order and safety.
3. Accountability: During martial law, accountability mechanisms for police deviance are usually weak or absent, as the ruling regime often controls the judiciary and other oversight institutions. In a democracy, however, there are generally established channels for accountability, such as independent oversight bodies, internal affairs departments, and the judicial system, which can address allegations of police misconduct.
4. Scope of deviance: During martial law, police deviance can extend beyond traditional forms of misconduct, including arbitrary arrests, extrajudicial killings, torture, and enforced disappearances, as the regime seeks to suppress opposition and maintain control. In a democratic setting, police deviance may still occur, but the scope and severity are typically more limited and subject to public scrutiny and legal repercussions.
5. Transparency and public scrutiny: In a democratic society, there is usually more transparency and public scrutiny of police actions. Media, civil society organizations, and a vigilant public can highlight incidents of police deviance, leading to public pressure for investigations and reforms. During martial law, media and civil society face severe restrictions, hindering their ability to expose abuses.
It is important to note that these differences are generalizations and can vary depending on the specific country, political climate, and extent of police deviance experienced during martial law or today.