What is the point of meiosis?
a
Cause mutations in which the DNA content of the gene is altered
b
Creation of somatic cells for growth and repair
c
Segregation of sister chromotids
d
Increased genetic variation by crossing over and fertilizatio
The correct answer is:
d) Increased genetic variation by crossing over and fertilization
Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that occurs in organisms for the purpose of sexual reproduction. Unlike mitosis, which produces genetically identical daughter cells, meiosis results in the formation of genetically diverse sex cells (gametes).
During meiosis, the DNA in the parent cell is duplicated, followed by two rounds of cell division. This process results in the formation of four daughter cells, each containing half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. This reduction in chromosome number is important for sexual reproduction, as it ensures that when the gametes fuse during fertilization, the resulting zygote will have the appropriate number of chromosomes.
One of the key features of meiosis is genetic recombination, which occurs through the processes of crossing over and fertilization. During crossing over, homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material, thereby creating new combinations of genes. Fertilization then combines the genetic material from two different parents, further increasing genetic variation.
The increased genetic variation created by meiosis is important for the survival and evolution of a species. It provides a greater pool of genetic diversity, which can result in offspring with advantageous traits that are better suited for their environment.