During DNA replication, the two sides of the DNA double helix unwind and separate, allowing the newly synthesized daughter strands to be formed. This process is mediated by enzymes called helicases. Once the two strands are separated, each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand. Adenine (A) always pairs with thymine (T) through two hydrogen bonds, while guanine (G) always pairs with cytosine (C) through three hydrogen bonds. DNA polymerases, enzymes responsible for DNA synthesis, add nucleotides to the growing daughter strands based on the complementary base pairing rules. This results in the formation of two identical DNA molecules, each consisting of one original strand and one newly synthesized strand.
