Revisit your answer to part A. Describe what happened in both pans in terms of energy and forces.
In both pans, energy was transferred in the form of thermal energy, causing the water to heat up. This transfer of energy occurred through the process of conduction, as the heat was transferred from the burner to the bottom of the pans and then to the water.
In terms of forces, in both pans there were gravitational forces acting on the water, pulling it downwards. Additionally, there were buoyant forces acting on the water, pushing it upwards due to the difference in densities between the water and the surrounding air.
There were also contact forces between the water and the bottom of the pans, which allowed for the transfer of thermal energy through conduction. These forces were exerted both by the water on the pan and by the pan on the water.
Furthermore, there were thermal expansion and contraction forces at play. As the water was heated, its molecules gained energy and moved more vigorously, causing the water to expand and exert a slightly larger force on the pan. Similarly, as the water cooled down, its molecules lost energy and moved less vigorously, causing the water to contract and exert a slightly smaller force on the pan.