Solid earth
Atmosphere
Biosphere
Lithosphere
Hydrosphere
The solid earth refers to the Earth's rigid outer layer, including the crust and uppermost part of the mantle. It is the layer that forms the continents, ocean basins, and mountain ranges.
The atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds the Earth. It consists mainly of nitrogen (about 78%) and oxygen (about 21%) but also contains other gases such as carbon dioxide and water vapor. The atmosphere is responsible for weather conditions and climate patterns.
The biosphere refers to all the living organisms on Earth and the ecosystems they inhabit. It includes plants, animals, bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms. The biosphere interacts with the other Earth systems and is sustained by them.
The lithosphere refers to the rigid outer layer of the Earth, which includes the crust and uppermost part of the mantle. It is composed of solid rocks and minerals and is broken into tectonic plates that move and interact with each other, resulting in earthquakes, volcanic activity, and the formation of mountains.
The hydrosphere refers to all the water on Earth, including oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, groundwater, and even water vapor in the atmosphere. It plays a vital role in the Earth's climate system, regulates temperature, and supports a wide range of life forms.