In the study of history, some of the most important questions a historian can ask are
who, what, when, where, and how. Conduct a safe internet search to find the who,
what, when, where, and how about the Apache, Comanche, and one other Indigenous
group who lived in Texas. Pay close attention to information about their languages,
cultures, and lifestyles. Use at least three outside sources.
Additional Texas Indigenous Group._______________________
Additional Texas Indigenous Group: Caddo
Who: The Caddo were a Native American group who inhabited what is now eastern Texas, western Louisiana, and parts of Arkansas and Oklahoma. They were known for their agricultural practices and settled lifestyle.
What: The Caddo were agriculturalists, growing crops such as corn, beans, and squash. They also built permanent villages, made pottery, and engaged in trade with other Native American groups in the region. They had a complex social structure with a chief as the political leader and various clans and societies within the community.
When: The Caddo culture developed around 800 CE and continued until the 19th century when European colonization impacted their way of life. They were encountered by Spanish explorers in the 16th century and later had contact with French, Spanish, and American settlers.
Where: The Caddo inhabited an area known as the Caddoan Mississippian cultural area, which covered parts of present-day Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Oklahoma. Some of their major archaeological sites include the George C. Davis Site and Spiro Mounds.
How: The Caddo had a distinct language called Caddoan, which is part of the Caddoan language family. Today, the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma preserves their language and cultural heritage. The Caddo had a matrilineal kinship system, where descent and inheritance were traced through the female line. They practiced various religious ceremonies and had a deep connection to their surrounding environment.
Sources:
1. "Caddo Indians" - Texas State Historical Association
Link: https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/caddo-indians
2. "Caddo Nation" - Oklahoma Historical Society
Link: https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=CA002
3. "Caddoan Mississippian Culture" - Encyclopedia of Arkansas
Link: https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/caddoan-mississippian-culture-1527/
Where did each group live?
1._______________
2.________________
3._________________
1. Apache:
The Apache were originally a nomadic group who inhabited the southwestern region of North America, including present-day Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and northern Mexico. Within Texas, they were known to have occupied areas such as the Big Bend region and the Edwards Plateau.
2. Comanche:
The Comanche were a nomadic Plains Indian group who lived primarily in the southern Great Plains region, including parts of present-day Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, and New Mexico. In Texas, they had a significant presence in the western and northwestern parts of the state.
3. Caddo:
The Caddo inhabited an area known as the Caddoan Mississippian cultural area, which covered parts of present-day Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Oklahoma. Within Texas, they were concentrated in the eastern part of the state, particularly along the Red River and its tributaries.