Describe each generation computer in terms of year of development
1. First Generation Computers (1937-1953): These computers were developed during the late 1930s and were primarily used during World War II. They were massive, room-sized machines that used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory. Some notable first-generation computers include the ENIAC (1946) and the UNIVAC I (1951).
2. Second Generation Computers (1954-1962): The second-generation computers were developed in the 1950s and early 1960s. They used transistors instead of vacuum tubes, which made them smaller, faster, and more reliable. These computers also utilized magnetic core memory for improved storage capabilities. Examples of second-generation computers are IBM 1401 (1959) and DEC PDP-1 (1959).
3. Third Generation Computers (1964-1971): Third-generation computers were developed in the mid-1960s and early 1970s. They introduced the use of integrated circuits (ICs), which further reduced the size of computers and improved performance. These computers also operated on lower power consumption and had faster processing speeds. Notable third-generation computers include IBM System/360 (1964) and DEC PDP-11 (1970).
4. Fourth Generation Computers (1971-1981): Fourth-generation computers were developed in the 1970s and early 1980s. They marked the advent of microprocessors, which consolidated the CPU, memory, and input/output controls on a single chip, significantly reducing the size and cost of computers. These computers also introduced graphical user interfaces (GUIs) and saw advancements in software development. Prominent examples of fourth-generation computers are IBM 4341 (1979) and Apple II (1977).
5. Fifth Generation Computers (1981-present): Fifth-generation computers are still in development and predominantly represent the present era. They are characterized by advanced artificial intelligence capabilities, parallel processing, and interactive interfaces. These computers aim to mimic human intelligence to perform complex tasks. While true fifth-generation computers are yet to be fully realized, contemporary devices like supercomputers and quantum computers represent significant strides towards achieving this generation's goals.
It is worth noting that the demarcation between generations is not strictly based on specific years but rather technological advancements and significant changes in computer architecture and capabilities.