how did the funding for the arts differ in France and in japan in the 18th century
In the 18th century, France and Japan had different approaches to funding the arts:
France:
1. Royal Patronage: The French monarchy played a significant role in supporting the arts during this period. Kings such as Louis XIV, Louis XV, and Louis XVI, sought to cultivate a sophisticated image of France through their patronage of artists and musicians.
2. Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture: Established in the 17th century, the Académie served as a state-sponsored institution that provided artistic training and support to painters and sculptors. The Academy's membership and governmental support further ensured financial backing for artists.
3. Salons: The French organized art exhibitions known as salons, which became a crucial platform for artists to showcase their works. These salons were sponsored by the Académie Royale and received financial support from the French state.
Japan:
1. Shogunal Patronage: In Japan, the shoguns, or military rulers, held significant power and influenced arts funding. Shogunal patronage played a crucial role in promoting art forms such as ukiyo-e (woodblock prints) and kabuki theater.
2. Merchant Patronage: Wealthy merchants, particularly those from the chonin class, were also significant art patrons. They supported artists, commissioned artworks, and sponsored cultural events.
3. Community Support: Local communities, such as neighborhoods and guilds, often came together to support artists and artistic activities. These grassroots initiatives included funding festivals, performances, and public art projects.
Overall, France had a more centralized and state-supported approach to arts funding, with the monarchy and Académie Royale playing crucial roles. In contrast, Japan relied on a combination of shogunal patronage, merchant support, and community initiatives to fund the arts.