Which group made up the majority of white southerners planters, capitalist, middle class or small farmers?

The group that made up the majority of white southerners in the 19th century was small farmers. Planters, capitalists, and the middle class were smaller segments of the population compared to the larger group of small farmers.

Which is the most likely cause of the spike in cotton production in Mississippi in the mid 1800s shown on the chart? The growth and demand for cotton in the north in Europe, the introduction of new irrigation methods to the region, the invention of cotton gin or the increase in number of immigrant-owned farms?

The most likely cause of the spike in cotton production in Mississippi in the mid-1800s, shown on the chart, would be the invention of the cotton gin. The cotton gin, patented by Eli Whitney in 1794, revolutionized the cotton industry by greatly increasing the efficiency of cotton processing. This invention made it easier and more profitable for planters to cultivate and process cotton, which led to a significant increase in cotton production.

What were slave codes? State laws to control slaves, conduct standard slaves held themselves to, state laws to expand slavery or national laws to limit slavery?

Slave codes were state laws designed to control slaves and regulate their behavior. These laws varied among different states but generally aimed to maintain absolute control over enslaved individuals, restrict their movements, limit their rights, and prevent any form of rebellion or resistance. Slave codes were a key component of the legal framework that upheld the institution of slavery in the United States.