Who led Egypt society and controlled country
There have been several leaders who have led Egyptian society and controlled the country throughout its history. Some notable leaders include:
- Pharaohs: The ancient Egyptian civilization was ruled by powerful pharaohs who held absolute authority over the country. They were not only the political leaders but also considered divine beings. Some famous pharaohs include Ramses II, Tutankhamun, and Cleopatra.
- Arab Caliphs: After the Arab conquest of Egypt in the 7th century AD, the country came under the rule of Arab caliphs who were appointed as the supreme leaders by the Islamic empire. They established the first Islamic dynasties in Egypt, such as the Umayyads and Abbasids.
- Mamluks: In the medieval period, Egypt was controlled by Mamluk sultans who were of Turkic and Circassian origin. The Mamluks were slave soldiers who eventually gained political power and ruled Egypt for several centuries.
- Ottomans: Egypt came under Ottoman rule in the 16th century and remained part of the Ottoman Empire until the early 20th century. Ottoman sultans appointed pashas or governors to administer Egypt on their behalf.
- British Colonizers: After a period of French occupation, Egypt became a British protectorate in the late 19th century. During this time, British officials and governors had significant control over the country's administration.
- Modern Presidents: Egypt gained independence from British rule in 1952 and has since been led by various presidents. Notable presidents include Gamal Abdel Nasser, Anwar Sadat, and Hosni Mubarak, who exercised significant control over the country during their leadership.
It is important to note that the nature and extent of control by these leaders varied throughout history, depending on the specific era and circumstances.