Which statement explains the effect of these new technologies on Mesopotamia civilizations?
The effect of new technologies on Mesopotamian civilizations was transformative in several ways. Firstly, the invention of agriculture and the domestication of plants and animals allowed for settled farming communities to emerge in the fertile lands of Mesopotamia, leading to a surplus of food and a population boom. This led to the rise of urban centers, such as Uruk and Ur, with complex social hierarchies and specialized labor.
Additionally, the invention of writing, specifically cuneiform, revolutionized communication and record-keeping in Mesopotamia. It enabled the development of legal codes, administrative systems, and literature, such as the Epic of Gilgamesh, providing a means for preserving and transmitting knowledge across generations.
The construction of irrigation systems, such as canals and dikes, facilitated agricultural production and created a more stable and predictable water supply. This allowed for increased agricultural output, supporting larger populations and contributing to economic growth and urbanization.
The invention of the wheel and the plow improved transportation and agricultural efficiency, making it easier to cultivate larger areas of land. This, in turn, increased agricultural productivity and trade, leading to economic development and cultural exchange between different Mesopotamian city-states.
In summary, these new technologies had a profound impact on Mesopotamian civilizations, transforming them from primarily nomadic societies to settled agricultural communities, facilitating communication and record-keeping, enabling population growth and urbanization, improving agricultural productivity and trade, and contributing to cultural, economic, and social development.