definitions for
cadenza
concertino
concerto grosso
continuo
ripieno
ritornello
1. Cadenza: A passage in a piece of music, typically a concerto, where the soloist has the freedom to showcase their technical skill and interpretation by improvising or embellishing upon the written music.
2. Concertino: In a concerto, the group of instruments or soloists that perform in a small group and are contrasted with a larger group, known as the ripieno or tutti. The concertino often represents the solo voice or voices within the piece.
3. Concerto Grosso: A composition for a small group of solo instruments (known as the concertino) accompanied by a larger ensemble (known as the ripieno or tutti). The concerto grosso typically features alternating sections between the soloists and the full ensemble, highlighting the contrast between the two groups.
4. Continuo: A harmonic accompaniment in Baroque music, typically played by a keyboard instrument (such as a harpsichord or organ) and a bass instrument (such as a cello or bassoon). The continuo provides a harmonic foundation and fills in the harmonies while allowing for improvisation.
5. Ripieno: In a concerto grosso, the larger ensemble that accompanies the soloists (concertino). The ripieno is often made up of strings and supports the concertino by providing a rich, full sound and contrasting textures.
6. Ritornello: A recurring theme or passage in a composition, typically found in Baroque music. In a concerto, the ritornello refers to the recurring tutti sections played by the full orchestra, contrasting with the solo passages. The ritornello acts as a structural element that provides unity and helps to organize the form of the piece.